Testing a Hypothesis about Two Independent Means. How can you test the hypothesis that the average difference between a pair of measurements is 0? What are paired experimental designs, and what are their advantages? What types of problems can occur when you use paired designs? What is a paired t-test? What are Type 1 and Type 2 errors? Why do you use a normal probability plot?ġ4. Testing a Hypothesis about Two Related Means. How can you test the hypothesis that a sample comes from a population with a known mean? What are confidence intervals and why they are useful? What is a null hypothesis? An alternative hypothesis?ġ3. Testing a Hypothesis about a Single Mean. What is the normal distribution, and why is it important for data analysis? What does a normal distribution look like? What is the standard normal distribution? What is the Central Limit Theorem, and why is it important?ġ2. What can you say about a population, based on the results you observe in a random sample? Are the results you observe in a sample identical to the results you would observe from the entire population? What is a sampling distribution? How is it used to test hypotheses about the population? What factors determine how much sample means vary from sample to sample? What is an observed significance level?ġ1. How can you display the relationship between two variables that are measured on a scale with meaningful numeric values? What is a scatterplot, and why is it useful? What is a scatterplot matrix? How do you identify unusual observations on a scatterplot? What can you learn from a three dimensional plot? How can you study the relationship between two or more variables that have a small number of possible values? Why is a frequency table not enough? What is a crosstabulation? What kind of percentages can you calculate for a crosstabulation and how do you choose among them? What is a dependent variable? An independent variable? How do you examine more than two variables together? How can you use a chart to display a crosstabulation?ĩ. Counting Responses for Combinations of Variables. What additional displays are useful for summarizing the distribution of a variable for several groups? What is a stem-and-leaf plot? How does a stem-and-leaf plot differ from a histogram? What is a boxplot?Ĩ. How can you determine if the values of the summary statistics for a variable differ for subgroups of cases? What are subgroups of cases? What can you learn from calculating summary statistics separately for subgroups of cases? How can you graph summary statistics for subgroups?ħ. How can you summarize the values of a variable? What are scales of measurement and why are they important? How does the arithmetic mean differ from the mode and the median? When is the median a better measure of central tendency than the mean? What does the variance tell you? The coefficient of variation? What are standardized scores, and why are they useful?Ħ. How can you summarize the various responses people give to a question? What is a frequency table and what can you learn from it? How can you tell from a frequency table if there have been errors in coding or entering data? What are percentages and cumulative percentages? When do you use pie charts, bar charts and histograms?ĥ. What's important when designing a survey or an experiment? How should you ask a question? How should you select participants? How should you assign people to experimental groups? Why is it important to include a comparison group? Particular emphasis is on using the SPSS Statistics online tutorial and the online help system, so that you can always find the information that you need to run the software.ģ. You learn to open data files, enter data into the data editor, and examine your results in the viewer window. An Introductory Tour of IBM SPSS Statistics. The first chapter is a roadmap that discusses the goals and organization of the book.Ģ. Getting Started with IBM SPSS Statistics 1. IBM SPSS Statistics 19 Guide to Data Analysis: Chapters IBM SPSS Statistics Guides: Straight Talk about Data Analysis and IBM SPSS Statistics
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